Rev. Dr. Samuel J. Hayes

1833 - 1897

• Prefix	Rev. Dr.
  Born	22 Jun 1833	Johnstown, Cambria Co., Pennsylvania
  Gender	Male
  Died	10 Jun 1897
  Buried	Coraopolis Cemetery, Coraopolis, Allegeheny Co., Pennsylvania
  Person ID	I8804	Johnson Hindin Tree
  Last Modified	4 Jun 2016

  
  

  Family	Sarah Ellen ASHCOM,   b. 1845,   d. 12 Feb 1894, Wilkinsburg, Allegheny Co, Pennsylvania
  Children	1. William Warren Hayes,   b. Abt 1869,   d. 10 Jul 1893, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania   2. Cora Hayes,   b. 1864,   d. 14 Mar 1906   3. Mollie Marozia Hayes,   b. 27 Dec 1864, Pennsylvania ,   d. 9 Dec 1933, Coraopolis, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania   4. Katherine Belle Hayes,   b. Abt 1868,   d. 15 May 1947, Camas, Clark Co., Washington
  Family ID	F3461	Group Sheet

  
  

• Notes

  Samuel was a cousin of President Rutherford B. Hayes. The following is an abridged version of the article, America's First Patented Series of Bubble-Through Anesthetic Vaporizers: Reverend Samuel J. Hayes' Sermons against Asphyxial Anesthesia, by Bause, George S. M.D., M.P.H., published in The American Journal of Anesthesiology, January 2009 - Volume 110 - Issue 1 - pp 12-21 (published at http://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/Fulltext/2009/01000/Ultrasound_guided_Internal_Jugular_Venous.7.aspx): Samuel was born outside of Johnstown on June 22, 1833. The third of five sons born to Warren and Mary (Bowser) Hayes, Samuel pedaled wood lathes as a third-generation bowl turner. His paternal grandfather had practiced medicine while directing the manufacture of wooden bowls. Samuel's father Warren had simultaneously run the family farm and supervised a wood-lathing factory for manufacturing bowls. Young Samuel completed public schooling before his eighteenth birthday in 1851. Hayes then matriculated about 40 miles west of his home, at the Church of the United Brethren of Christ's Mount Pleasant College, where he prepared for careers in preaching and teaching. Hayes endured a severe struggle to gain an education. He paid his way by work at school and money earned by teaching during vacations. By 1859, Rev. Hayes was supervising the renowned Ligonier Academy, just 23 miles from his alma mater. Over many years in Ligonier as a school principal weekdays and as a UBC minister on weekends, Hayes began investigating dentistry as a career alternative. Ligonier's leading dentist was Hayes' brother-in-law, John Ashcom, D.D.S. (Dentist, Ligonier, Pennsylvania; 1841-1897). Like many of Ligonier's businessmen and professionals, Dr. Ashcom was a Freemason. Before joining Dr. Ashcom in that secret society, Hayes realized that he would have to abandon the UBC, which prohibited such associations. Hayes converted to the Baptist Church, which did not prohibit membership in Freemasonry. In the meantime, Dr. Ashcom began schooling his old schoolmaster in the basics of dentistry. In November of 1867, Hayes moved his wife Ella and their three daughters more than 160 miles to the northeast, to the college town of Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Nineteen months later, Ella gave birth to their fourth child, William Warren Hayes. Practicing dentistry by day, Hayes lucubrated at night over Baptist teachings supplied by the nearby University of Lewisburg (now Bucknell). He also assisted with pastoral duties at Lewisburg Baptist Church. In due time [Hayes] was ordained by the Baptist Church. When a church 40 miles north of Detroit needed a Baptist pastor in March of 1871, Hayes received the ministerial call. He moved his family of six over 400 miles northwest to the town of Romeo, Michigan. In Romeo, Rev. Hayes fell victim to chronic pharyngitis and the associated laryngitis of vocal overuse known then as clergyman's sore throat. This doomed the teaching-preaching phase of Hayes' life and would direct him instead towards full-time dentistry and eventually dental anesthesia. After leaving Michigan, Hayes returned to Pennsylvania to practice dentistry in the town of his alma mater, Mount Pleasant. While their, in 1978, he briefly served as editor of the Connellsville Tribune, Late in 1879, Hayes shifted his dental practice to Pittsburgh. In 1881, he filed for his first patent for the Hayes Anaesthetic Apparatus. Will Hayes apprenticed at his father's dental practice in Pittsburgh for five years. Will also attend the University of Maryland Dental Department in Baltimore, Maryland for two years. Graduating with honors in March of 1891, William Warren Hayes, D.D.S. returned to Pittsburgh. Hayes senior placed Hayes junior in charge of their joint practice, now advertised as S.J. & W.W. Hayes, Dentists. With his son Will in charge in Pittsburgh, Samuel could now expand a Chicago base of operations in advance of that city's Columbian Exposition. Scheduled for October of 1892, dedication ceremonies for this Chicago World's Fair would mark the 400th anniversary of Columbus' arrival in the New World. In a timely release for Hayes before the Fair, the 1892 Annual of the Universal Sciences lauded Hayes' 1891 article in The American Journal of Dental Science as a paper valuable … on anaesthetics. Six months in advance of the Fair, Hayes filed the patent for his second Hayes Anaesthetic Apparatus; three months in advance of the Fair, he started his proprietary journal D&SM to assail the use of asphyxial nitrous oxide and to promote the apparatus and chemicals supplied by his Hayes Dental and Surgical Manufacturing Company. To Hayes' chagrin, organizers dedicated the Fair in October of 1892 but would not actually open the fairgrounds until May of 1893. For a preacher-dentist like Hayes, there could be no better pulpit than a World's Fair for spreading the gospel of anaesthesia, not asphyxia. However, just months after the dedication ceremonies, the Exposition authorities barred Hayes from demonstrating his Anaesthetic Apparatus on human subjects at the Fair. An outraged Hayes resigned his space at the Fair by April of 1893, just one month before the fairgrounds' delayed opening. Like Buffalo Bill, Pittsburgh Samuel chose instead to open his own venue outside the Fair. Rather than treating dentists and physicians to a Wild West Show, the senior Dr. Hayes offered them instruction in the Process of and apparatus for generating and applying anaesthetic vapors. Among the Fair attendees would be thousands of dentists, many of whom would attend the World's Columbian Dental Congress. Remarkably, one fourth of America's populace would stream through the Exposition over the next 6 months. Just after the fairgrounds opened, the Reverend Doctor's best-laid plans unraveled. Grim news forced his return to Pittsburgh. Will, Hayes' only son and dental partner, had fallen deathly ill. After weeks of suffering and anguish with tuberculous enteritis, Will died of consumption and chronic diarrhea at his parents' residence. About two years after Will's consumptive death, Samuel's health declined precipitously, with a general lassitude thought to be the grippe. Consequently, Samuel began relying increasingly on his second wife Frances to run the Hayes healthcare empire and to edit the D&SM. The church that he had joined in 1873 became the Hayes couple's greatest solace. A free church, Pittsburgh's Fourth Avenue Church had always appealed to Hayes' practical nature. Not only had this house of worship dispensed with pew rents and compulsory tithing, Fourth Church had also supported a hands-on industrial school for teaching work skills to the disadvantaged. Hayes was also grateful to the pastor's wife, a past-principal of Kalamazoo College, for the support that she offered the second Mrs. Hayes, herself a past-principal of Pittsburg Female College. As Hayes' health declined, his former pupil at Ligonier Academy and previous brother-in-law- the Michigan-trained D.D.S. who had eased Hayes' transition into dentistry- retired without fanfare from dental practice. Indeed, after missing the passing of his sister Ella and of his nephew Will, Uncle John Ashcom readied himself to support emotionally his three Hayes nieces. Meanwhile, bedridden for the final two months of his life, Samuel J. Hayes drew his last breath at 9 pm on June 10, 1897, just 12 days short of his 59th birthday. Although local newspapers cited intestinal disorders as the immediate cause of Hayes' death, liver cancer had actually terminated the Reverend Doctor's life. By the 1890s, Rev. Dr. Samuel J. Hayes, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, mass-produced a remarkable handheld vaporizer that would challenge the existing monopoly in anesthetic machinery. In doing so, this teacher-turned-preacher-turned-dentist would redefine anaesthesia as distinct from asphyxia. By designing a succession of three different Hayes Anaesthetic Apparatus to safely aerate and vaporize potent liquid anesthetics, Hayes undermined clinical use of asphyxial nitrous oxide and patented America's first series of bubble-through anesthetic vaporizers.